As an academic researcher born and raised in the United States it is critical to reflect on my position in my research related to water access in India. An important element is my position as a white woman from a middle-class background who has had the opportunity to attend higher education and am working in a space of immense privilege that so often reproduces and upholds structures of power. Specifically, this central element of reflection as I conduct research in India speaking with community members and locals who are often marginalized and disenfranchised within the context of India. As a Caucasian academic from the U.S., I am inherently entering a power dynamic every time I engage in community-based research. This is especially true given India’s former colonization by Britain left lasting impacts on social structures and power hierarchies that often position me in a place of power over the communities I interact with. As a woman, this is slightly improved in the context of gender relations but creates its own complexities that I must be mindful including speaking with young men, women in highly traditional family structures, and speaking with government officials. One way in which I engage with both of these elements in an attempt to diffuse the power structures embedded in interactions is to begin by allowing participants to ask questions of me and my research. This enables an initial flow of information that the participant can control. In addition to this, I always make it clear at the start, throughout my qualitative data collection process, and at the end that any participant is welcome to withdraw portions or all of their statements from my research project at any time regardless of where I am in the process of research or publication. I also intend to share back my findings with participants prior to publication to give them an opportunity to make suggestions, indicate where I may have misrepresented them, and another option for withdrawing their statements.
Another realm of positionality is related to my work with development organizations and professionals. While in attendance at development organization meetings or interviewing professionals I enter into another space of inequal power dynamics, but one where power and positionality are much more diffuse and obscured. In these spaces I am often seen as an equal given my status as an academic, but I am also occasionally automatically placed in a position below from which I need to be mindful of how I navigate the power dynamic which places me at a slight disadvantage in data collection. More importantly, these spaces create power dynamics even without individuals or communities involved. I often must navigate and be mindful of instances where attempts are made to diminish or marginalize experiences of the communities in India with which I work. In these moments, my power as a researcher also becomes evident and it is critical even in moments when I do not have the ability to combat these narratives, that I reflect on them and include them in my analysis to ensure I am considering my own and participant biases in my research. Understanding, reflecting on, and embedding practices of questioning my own positionality and power in spaces of my research is a crucial part of my work and requires on going and diligent practice.